Joshua Hoffman, co-founder and CEO of Zymergen, describes how those who expose themselves to different fields of knowledge are able to probe problems in multidisciplinary ways. He says those who focus on a single discipline -- whether that's history, physics or economics -- become blind to the limitations of its logic.

Run toward opportunities to conquer your shortcomings.

Zymergen's Joshua Hoffman talks about the importance of learning how to reason from first principles, and not basing your actions simply on what has worked before. By going "up a layer of abstraction" and thinking theoretically, you can rise above a problem and see your way out of it. He says this approach should be supplemented by diving deep into your data.

"Don't be naive about the power of storytelling," says Joshua Hoffman, co-founder and CEO of Zymergen. Whether that's convincing people to work for your venture, give you startup money or sign that first contract, emotion plays just as big a role as intellect in their decision, Hoffman explains. He describes how neglecting to build a narrative at his company has left some newer employees feeling disconnected.

Joshua Hoffman, co-founder and CEO of industrial-chemicals maker Zymergen, underscores the value of teams over individuals, saying that no one person can hold the complexity of an entire business in their head. He also stresses the importance of cognitive diversity, adding that the tension caused by disagreements can be offset by unique strengths that others possess.